Preface	6
	Contents	10
	Notes on Contributors	14
	Part I: Opening Section	23
	Chapter 1: Introduction	24
	1.1 Philosophy of Science, Cosmology and the Emergence of Biological Systems	26
	1.2 Tawhidic Science: Principles	28
	1.3 Tawhidic Science: General Applications	29
	1.4 Tawhidic Science: Bioethics	30
	1.5 Islamic Teaching of Science	32
	1.6 History of Science in Islamic Civilisation	33
	Chapter 2: Opening Address by Former Prime Minister of Malaysia and Chairman, IAIS Malaysia	34
	Chapter 3: Science and Technology for Mankind’s Benefit: Islamic Theories and Practices – Past, Present, and Future	38
	3.1 Introduction: The Role of Science and Technology in Question	39
	3.2 Purposes and Benefits in Science and Technology as Value Oriented Activities	39
	3.3 Relationship between Civilisational Identity and Scientific and Technological Culture: Islamic and Western Civilisations Compared	40
	3.4 Islam’s Synergy with Science and Technology from a Tawhidic Epistemology and Balanced Civilisation of the Middle Path	43
	3.5 Categories of Ignorance	44
	3.6 Islamic Theories of Societal Roles and Benefits of S&T	51
	3.7 Towards an Authentic Contemporary Muslim Scientific and Technological Culture: Recommendations	53
	References	54
	Chapter 4: The Necessity of Studying the Natural Sciences from the Qur’anic Worldview	55
	4.1 Introduction	56
	4.2 Fundamental Rationale from the Qur’an	56
	4.2.1 The Qur’an Projects the Creed of Taw??d as the Foundation of a Comprehensive and Holistic Worldview	56
	4.2.2 The Qur’an Necessitates that Taw??d Be the Metaphysical Foundation for Studying Nature and for Constructing the Islamic Philosophy of Science	57
	4.2.3 Essential Knowledge regarding Reality, Truth and Falsehood, and True Purpose and Meaning of Human Existence Is Revealed by al-Qur’an	58
	4.2.4 That the Whole Cosmos or Universe and Nature Were Created by God Is Affirmed by al-Qur’an	58
	4.2.5 A New Revolutionary Spirit of Inquiry for Man’s Rational Quest for Knowledge and Wisdom Was Introduced by al-Qur’an	59
	4.2.6 The Holistic Qur’anic Epistemology Integrates Reason with Divine Revelation	59
	4.2.6.1 The Characteristics of ‘People Who Possess Sound Intellects’ (?l? al-Alb?b)	60
	4.2.6.2 True Scholars and Their Special Characteristics	61
	4.2.7 The Qur’an Presents a Cosmology, Which Elucidates that: (1) The Cosmos, Universe, Nature and Man Belong to God	62
	4.2.8 The Qur’an Obliges Mankind to Express Gratitude to God	62
	4.2.9 Major Qur’anic Principles Facilitate Studying and Understanding the Cosmos and Nature	63
	4.2.10 Crucial Roles of Believers (Mu’min?n) in Constructing a Virtuous Civilisation	64
	4.2.11 Laws, Secrets and Benefits of Nature Are to Be Discovered and Utilised through Rational and Empirical Methods but Within the Framework of True Faith (?m?n), God-Mindfulness (Taqw?) and Absolute Monotheism (Taw??d)	64
	4.3 Scientific Contributions of Islam to the European Renaissance and Relevance of the Islamic Conception of Nature to the Contemporary World According to Some Prominent Western Observers	65
	4.3.1 The Self-Critical and Thought-Provoking Analysis of Prince Charles	65
	4.3.2 The Frank Observations of American Business Leader, Carly Fiorina	66
	4.3.3 The Remarkable Objective Observations of Robert Briffault	66
	4.3.4 Eye-Opening Research Findings of Science Historian, George Sarton	68
	4.4 The Rationale Resulting from Crises of Modern Science and the Environment	68
	4.4.1 Subjective Values and Natural Science	70
	4.5 Challenges of the Twenty-First Century for Science and Technology	72
	4.6 Conclusions and Recommendations	73
	References	75
	Part II: Philosophy of Science, Cosmology and Emergence of Biological Systems	77
	Chapter 5: Philosophy of Science in Epistemological Perspective	78
	5.1 Introduction	79
	5.2 The Nature and Method of Philosophy of Science	81
	5.3 Philosophy of Science in a Civilisational Perspective	84
	5.3.1 Epistemology as the Universal Element	85
	5.3.2 Sociohistorical Factor as the Local Civilisational Element	87
	5.3.3 A Brief Historical Case Study: Islamic Scientific Tradition	89
	5.4 Conclusions	91
	5.5 Policy Recommendations	92
	References	93
	Chapter 6: Rumi on the Living Earth: A Sufi Perspective	94
	6.1 Introduction	94
	6.2 The Living Universe	95
	6.3 Relation Between Love and Evolution	96
	6.4 Rumi and Mulla Sadra	97
	6.5 Rumi and Darwin	98
	6.6 Rumi and Bergson	100
	6.7 Human Position and Role in the Universe	101
	6.7.1 Human Position	101
	6.7.2 Human Role	102
	6.8 Conclusion	102
	References	102
	Chapter 7: Sayyid Qutb’s Understanding of the Universe as a Living and Meaningful World	103
	7.1 Introduction	104
	7.2 Qutb as Eco-thinker	106
	7.3 Modern Concept of Nature as Lifeless and Meaningless	107
	7.4 Pre-Islamic Arabs and Nature	108
	7.5 God as the Sole Sustainer of All Creation	109
	7.6 Nature Is Endowed with Life	111
	7.7 Every Single Thing Extols His Glory and Praise	112
	7.8 Nature as Muslim	113
	7.9 Qutb and Animals	114
	7.10 Water: The Source of Life	115
	7.11 Conclusion	116
	References	118
	Chapter 8: The New Approach in Western Science Towards Understanding the Nature of Life and Mind in Terrence Deacon’s ‘Incomplete Nature’: An Analysis from Islamic Perspectives	119
	8.1 Introduction	120
	8.2 Brief Sketch of Deacon’s Thesis	120
	8.2.1 Notions of Ententional, Constraints and Absentials in the Phenomenon of Life	121
	8.2.2 The Emergence of Life and Mind	122
	8.3 Deacon’s Alternative to Mind-Body Dualism	125
	8.4 Analysis of Deacon’s Thesis from an Islamic Perspective	126
	8.4.1 Analysis of Deacon’s Approach in Light of Iqbal’s Ideas on Life, Mind and Emergence	129
	8.5 Conclusion	132
	8.6 Policy Recommendations	132
	References	133
	Part III: Tawhidic Science: Principles	135
	Chapter 9: Islam Can Give a Proper Orientation to Science and Technology Development	136
	9.1 Introduction	136
	9.2 The Role of Religion in Shaping Science and Technology	138
	9.2.1 Emphasis on the Study of God’s Handiwork	138
	9.2.2 The Role of Metaphysical Principles in Science	139
	9.2.3 Ways of Knowing Nature	140
	9.2.4 Response to Our Ultimate Questions	141
	9.2.5 The Role of Religion in the Constructive Applications of Science	142
	9.3 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations for Science and Technology Development	144
	References	146
	Chapter 10: Vision in Action: Operationalising the Islamisation of Science and Technology	148
	10.1 Introduction	148
	10.2 Premises	149
	10.3 Case Studies	150
	10.3.1 Technology in General	150
	10.3.2 Engineering and Chemistry	151
	10.3.3 Biology and Related Sciences	152
	10.3.4 Medicine	152
	10.3.5 Agriculture	153
	10.3.6 Economy and Ecology	154
	10.3.7 Mathematics	155
	10.4 Conclusions and Recommendation	156
	References	157
	Chapter 11: Maqasid al-Shar?‘ah: A Traditional Source for Ensuring Design and Development of Modern Technology for Humanity’s Benefit	159
	11.1 Introduction	160
	11.2 Contemporary Technology	161
	11.3 Islam, Muslims and Modern Technology	166
	11.4 Relevance of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Objectives (Maqasid) of the Shar?‘ah	167
	11.5 Objectives’ (Maqasid) Framework of Technological Development	169
	11.6 Shar?‘ah Objectives (Maqasid) and Human Good (Ma?la?ah) Relationship	171
	11.7 The Objectives’ Model	173
	11.8 Objectives (Maqasid)-Oriented Values for Technology	178
	11.9 Conclusion	181
	References	181
	Part IV: Tawhidic Science: General Applications	184
	Chapter 12: Islam and the Environment: An Examination of the Source Evidence	185
	12.1 The Climate Change Debate: An Overview	185
	12.2 Divine Oneness (Taw??d)	188
	12.3 Vicegerency (Khil?fah)	190
	12.4 Trusteeship (Am?nah)	191
	12.5 Building the Earth (I?m?r al-Ard?, ?Umr?n)	192
	12.6 Keeping the Balance	194
	12.7 Beauty and Cleanliness (Jam?l and T?ah?rah)	195
	12.8 Violation and Abuse	196
	12.8.1 Mischief Making and Corruption (Fas?d f?’l-Ard????)	197
	12.8.2 Extravagance and Waste (Isr?f, Tabdh?r)	198
	12.9 Elimination of Harm	199
	12.10 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations	201
	References	205
	Chapter 13: Reducing Wasteful Consumption Towards Sustainability by Waste Avoidance Using Self-­Improvement (Tazkiyah) and Contentment (Qana‘ah) Approaches	207
	13.1 Introduction	208
	13.2 Waste Management Hierarchy, Waste Minimisation, and Waste Avoidance	209
	13.3 Wasteful Consumption Patterns	211
	13.4 Consumer Capitalism and Modern Marketing	212
	13.5 Nature of the Human Soul (Nafs) and Desires from an Islamic Perspective	213
	13.6 Shopaholism and Wasteful Consumerism	214
	13.7 Islamic Teachings on Sustenance, Waste, Greed, Moderation, Self-Restraint, and Contentment	216
	13.8 Interventions Towards Achieving Contentment (Tafakkur and Tazkiyah)	221
	13.9 Conclusion	223
	13.10 Policy Recommendations	224
	References	225
	Chapter 14: Integrating Spirituality into Efforts for Improving Value Chains of Farm Products	227
	14.1 Introduction	227
	14.2 Literature Review	229
	14.3 Study Procedures	232
	14.4 Results and Discussion	233
	14.5 Conclusions	238
	14.6 Policy Recommendations	239
	References	239
	Chapter 15: Neurotechnological Advances in Exploring Melodic Recitation of the Noble Qur’an: Uncovering the Neural Circuitry in the Human Brain	243
	15.1 Introduction	244
	15.2 Meditation and Brain Activation	244
	15.3 Musical Chills for a Rhythmic Brain	245
	15.4 Melodic Recitation of the Noble Qur’an (‘Qur’anic Chills’) and Brain Correlates	246
	15.5 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations	247
	References	248
	Chapter 16: A New Quantum Theory in Accordance with Islamic Science	250
	16.1 Introduction	251
	16.2 Islamic Scientific Principles	251
	16.2.1 One-to-One Correspondence	252
	16.2.2 Pairing Concept	252
	16.3 Qur’anic Scientific Analysis	252
	16.3.1 Verses About the Atom	253
	16.3.2 Light and Its Energy	254
	16.4 Electric Unit Charge as a Source of Energy	255
	16.5 Additional Electric Charges for Proton and Neutron	259
	16.5.1 New Potential Energy Equation	260
	16.5.2 Compatibility with Modern Physics	262
	16.5.2.1 Zero Point Energy (ZPE)	263
	16.5.2.2 Stern-Gerlach Experiment	263
	16.5.2.3 Quarks	264
	16.6 Conclusion and Recommendations	265
	References	266
	Part V: Tawhidic Science: Bioethics	269
	Chapter 17: Breakthroughs in Biosciences and the Question of Morality: Interactions Between Ethics and Bioscience Practices	270
	17.1 Introduction	270
	17.2 Definition and History of Bioethics	271
	17.3 Bioethical Discussions on the Interactions between Science and Ethics	272
	17.4 Concluding Remarks	277
	References	278
	Chapter 18: Implementation of an Islamic Approach to Harm Reduction Among Illicit Drug Users in Malaysia	279
	18.1 Introduction	280
	18.2 Methadone Maintenance Treatment as a Harm Reduction Approach	280
	18.3 Drugs from the Islamic Perspective	281
	18.4 Harm Reduction from the Islamic Perspective	281
	18.5 Assessment of Implementation of Harm Reduction Programme in Malaysia	283
	18.6 Conclusion	284
	References	284
	Chapter 19: Genetically Modified Food and Humanity’s Well-Being: An Islamic Perspective	285
	19.1 Introduction	285
	19.2 Overview	286
	19.3 Debate on the Benefits and Predicted Harms of GM Food	287
	19.4 Islamic Approach Towards Food	289
	19.5 Islamic Rulings on GM Food	292
	19.6 GM Food and Islamic Ethics	293
	19.7 Conclusion and Recommendations	294
	References	296
	Chapter 20: Advances in Tri-parent Baby Technology: The Bioethical Challenge for Muslims	298
	20.1 Introduction	299
	20.2 Mitochondria and Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)	299
	20.3 Tri-parent Baby Technology	301
	20.3.1 A Brief History of Development	301
	20.3.2 IVF Techniques Involved	302
	20.3.2.1 Pronuclear Transfer (PNT)	302
	20.3.2.2 Maternal Spindle Transfer (MST)	302
	20.4 Issues Stemming from Tri-parent Baby Technology	304
	20.5 Considerations for Tri-parent Baby Technology from Islamic Perspective	305
	20.6 Conclusion	307
	References	307
	Part VI: Islamic Teaching of Science	309
	Chapter 21: Integrating the Qur’anic Worldview with the Natural Sciences: Answering the Call for Islamic Secondary Schools	310
	21.1 Introduction	311
	21.2 The Rationale	311
	21.2.1 Qur’anic Injunction	311
	21.2.2 The Reality	313
	21.2.3 Western Voices on Modern (Mechanistic-Positivistic) Science	314
	21.2.4 Voices from the Muslim World	318
	21.3 Integration at School	319
	21.3.1 Integration at School: Challenges	321
	21.3.2 Field Research	321
	21.3.3 Findings of Field Research	322
	21.4 Proposed Science Education in Islamic Secondary Schools	323
	21.4.1 The ?l? al-Alb?b Model	323
	21.4.1.1 ?l? al-Alb?b	323
	21.4.1.2 The Natural Science from the Worldview of the Qur’an (NSWVQ) Project	324
	21.5 Conclusion	327
	References	328
	Chapter 22: Teaching of Values in Science: Defining Its Universal Values	331
	22.1 Introduction	331
	22.2 The Meanings of Science	332
	22.3 What Are Universal Values That the Natural World Exhibits?	333
	22.4 The Universal Values of Science and Their Theological Foundation	335
	22.5 Asm?’ All?h al-H?usn? and the Universal Values of Science	337
	22.5.1 Harmony and Balance	337
	22.5.2 Order and Beauty	338
	22.6 Recommendations on Teaching and Infusing Values into Science Curricula	341
	22.7 Conclusions	343
	References	343
	Chapter 23: Positing a Spiritual Dimension for Science Education: Brunei Darussalam’s Experience	345
	23.1 Introduction	345
	23.2 Beliefs and Values in Science Education	346
	23.2.1 Taw??d as the Core Belief	347
	23.2.2 The Qur’an as Source of Scientific and Spiritual Knowledge	347
	23.2.3 Acquiring Spiritual Lessons through Studying Natural Phenomena	348
	23.3 Science Education in Brunei Darussalam	349
	23.4 Conclusion	350
	References	351
	Chapter 24: Displayed Features of a Student with High-­Functioning Autism During Qur’anic Learning	352
	24.1 Introduction	353
	24.2 Methodology	355
	24.2.1 Subject/Participant	355
	24.2.2 Instruments	356
	24.2.3 Procedure	356
	24.3 Discussion	357
	24.3.1 Features in Reading Al-Fatihah	358
	24.3.1.1 Memorisation	358
	24.3.1.2 Split Attention	360
	24.3.1.3 Influence of Native Language on Skill in Reading Foreign Sentences/Verses	360
	24.3.1.4 Typography in Reading	361
	24.3.1.5 Hallucination	362
	24.3.1.6 Problem in Understanding the Instruction	363
	24.3.1.7 Echolalia	363
	24.3.2 Psychology from the Islamic Perspective	364
	24.3.2.1 Concept of Soul/Spirit	364
	24.3.2.2 Psychology of Reading	365
	24.3.3 Autism Awareness	366
	24.3.4 Qur’anic Lesson Awareness for Persons with Disabilities	366
	24.4 Conclusion	367
	References	367
	Part VII: History of Science and Technology in Islamic Civilisation	370
	Chapter 25: Emotional Blasting Therapy: A Psychotherapeutic Technique Invented by Early Muslim Physicians	371
	25.1 Introduction	372
	25.2 Some Early Muslim Psychotherapies	372
	25.3 Similar Modern Psychotherapies	374
	25.4 Conclusion and Recommendations	375
	References	375
	Chapter 26: Tracing the History of Astrolabe Inventions Across Civilisations	376
	26.1 Introduction	376
	26.2 Early Astrolabe History in Greek Civilisation	377
	26.3 Astrolabe Development in Islamic Civilisation	379
	26.4 Early Modern History of Astrolabe in Europe	381
	26.5 Conclusion	382
	Appendix 1	383
	References	384