Contents	5
	1. Introduction	9
	2. Regions	23
	2.1. China	23
	2.2. South Asia	41
	2.3. Sub-saharan Africa	71
	2.4. Latin America and the Caribbean	91
	2.5. Canada and the United States	119
	2.6. Eastern Europe	139
	2.7. Western Europe	165
	2.8. Iran (Persia)	189
	2.9. The Ottoman Middle East and Modern Turkey	209
	3. Types of Work	225
	3.1. Agriculture	225
	3.2. Mining	245
	3.3. Textile Industry	267
	3.4. Trade, Transport, and Services	285
	3.5. Administrative Staff	305
	4. Labour Relations	325
	4.1. Introductory Remarks	325
	4.2. Subsistence and Household Labour	337
	4.3. Convict Labour	353
	4.4. Indentured Labour	371
	4.5. Slave Labour	385
	4.6. Wage Labour	403
	5. Attitudes To Work	419
	6. Labour Migration	441
	7. Work Incentives and Forms of Supervision	477
	8. Organization and Resistance	499
	8.1. Mutualism	499
	8.2. Desertion	513
	8.3. Strikes, Lockouts, and Informal Resistance	529
	8.4. Trade Unions	559
	Acknowledgments	579
	Notes on Contributors	581
	Subject Index	587
	Index of Names	605