Patriarchal Theory Reconsidered	3
	Preface	6
	Acknowledgments	8
	Contents	10
	1 Introduction	11
	2 Methodology	18
	Empirical and Theoretical Research	20
	Qualitative Methods	21
	Content Analysis	24
	Participant Observation	26
	Interviews	26
	Process of Unstructured and Semistructured Interviews	30
	Triangulation	32
	Participants	33
	Methods Used to Analyze Data	35
	Ethical Considerations	35
	Conclusion	36
	Note	37
	3 Understanding Patriarchy	38
	Introduction	38
	Defining Patriarchy	39
	Patriarchy and Its Universality	49
	Compound Patriarchy	52
	Radical Feminism	55
	Black Feminist Thought	58
	Middle Eastern Perspective	61
	Particularities of Patriarchal Theory	69
	Conclusion	73
	Note	74
	4 The Context of Turkey	75
	Introduction	75
	Citizenship in Turkey	76
	Kemalism and Its “Others”	82
	The Role of the Military	88
	Arbitrary Use of Power	90
	Gender and Citizenship in Turkey	92
	Conclusion	103
	Notes	103
	5 The Household	105
	Ruler-Subject Binary: The Household	105
	Male to Female Violence	112
	Vectors Within	121
	Conclusion	128
	Notes	128
	6 State Reproduction of Patriarchy	130
	The Ideology of National Assembly	130
	Intimate Concerns of a Former Family Judge	153
	The Role of Pressure Groups	159
	Conclusion	169
	Notes	169
	7 Between Women and the State: Male Political Subject	171
	Dissenting Views and Gender	172
	Beneath “The State”	188
	Sexual Torture	199
	The Male Political Subject	206
	Synthesis	215
	The Male Political Subject and the Binary	222
	Conclusion	225
	Notes	226
	8 Conclusion	228
	Bibliography	234
	Index	246