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A Short History Of Soviet Socialism
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A Short History Of Soviet Socialism
von: Mark Sandle
UCL Press, 1999
ISBN: 9780203500279
360 Seiten, Download: 2695 KB
 
Format:  PDF
geeignet für: Apple iPad, Android Tablet PC's Online-Lesen PC, MAC, Laptop

Typ: B (paralleler Zugriff)

 

 
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

  Contents 6  
  List of Figures 8  
  Preface 9  
  Introduction 10  
     Notes 13  
  PART ONE The genesis of Soviet socialism 14  
     CHAPTER ONE The crucibles of Russian socialism 15  
        The origins of socialism 15  
        The Founding Fathers: Marx and Engels on socialism and communism 17  
           The future society: an overview 18  
           The future society: the “lower” phase 20  
           The future society: the “higher phase” 23  
           Marx on socialism and communism: a summary and interpretation 25  
           Friedrich Engels 27  
        Socialism in Russia: Lenin, Bolshevism and Russian social-democracy 30  
           Russian social-democracy 31  
        Summary: Soviet socialism before the revolution 42  
        Notes 44  
  PART TWO The emergence of a Soviet model: from the revolution to NEP 50  
     CHAPTER TWO The revolutionary settlement: state capitalism, technocracy and the transition to socialism 51  
        The revolutionary decrees 52  
        The economics of state capitalism 52  
           Ownership: the meaning of nationalization 53  
           Control of the economy: centralization v. democratization 54  
           Organization and control of the national economy 55  
           Management of industrial enterprises 57  
           Labour Policy 59  
           The agricultural sector under state capitalism 60  
        The politics of state capitalism: the dictatorship of the proletariat? 62  
           All power to the Soviets? 62  
           The repressive organs: the army and the CHEKA 65  
           Rights and freedoms under the dictatorship of the proletariat 66  
           Building a one-party state? 68  
        Society and culture under state capitalism 70  
           Social policy—aspects of egalitarianism 70  
           The norms and values of Bolshevism 71  
        Two future chickens: state capitalism and Soviet power in Bolshevik ideology 73  
        Notes 75  
     CHAPTER THREE War communism and Soviet Socialism: a technocratic orthodoxy? 80  
        The economics of “war communism” 81  
           Industry and economic organization: patterns of ownership and control 81  
           Patterns of distribution: trade, finance and allocations 83  
        Management and labour under war communism: triumph of technocracy? 84  
           One-man management, expertise and hierarchy 84  
           Labour policy: mobilization, militarization and the statification of the trade unions 86  
           The triumph of technocracy: Taylorism, scientific management and GOELRO 88  
           The emergence of Soviet planning 90  
           Agriculture under war communism 91  
        The politics of war communism 92  
           Coercion, authoritarianism and the militarization of the Soviet state 93  
           Bureaucratization, centralization and the demise of local autonomy 94  
           The communist party: building a one-party state? 95  
           The (Less) politics of war communism 98  
        Society and culture under war communism 100  
           Equality and inequality under war communism 100  
           Instilling a new worldview: education, propaganda and the debate over proletarian culture 102  
        War communism—details and debates 104  
        War communism and Soviet socialism: a model of Soviet socialism? 107  
           The theoretical basis of Soviet socialism: statism, technocracy, productivism and collectivism 108  
           The economics of Soviet socialism 109  
           The politics of Soviet socialism 112  
           Socio-cultural aspects of Soviet socialism 116  
        Conclusion 117  
        Notes 117  
     CHAPTER FOUR NEP and Soviet socialism: departing from orthodoxy? 123  
        The genesis of NEP 123  
        The economics of NEP 125  
           Prodnalog, food policy and the agricultural sector 125  
           The industrial sector: trustification and commercialization 127  
           Labour, management and trade unions 129  
        The politics of NEP 130  
           The one-party state: pluralism and dissent, within and without 131  
           From democratic centralism to bureaucratic centralism 133  
           Terror, coercion and the law 136  
        Society and culture under NEP 137  
           Egalitarianism and inegalitarianism: social and economic aspects 137  
           Culture and education under NEP 140  
        Understanding NEP: a new model of Soviet socialism? 142  
           NEP and “peculiar war communism”: of retreats, mistakes and advances 142  
           NEP and the politics of the worker-peasant smychka: March-October 1921 142  
           NEP: from frontal assault to slow siege: October 1921–January 1923 144  
           NEP and “On co-operation”: a note 149  
        NEP and Soviet socialism: an alternative model? 150  
           NEP and the economics of Soviet socialism 150  
           NEP and the socio-cultural aspects of Soviet socialism 153  
           NEP and the politics of Soviet socialism 153  
        Conclusion: the Soviet model of socialism 154  
        Notes 155  
     CHAPTER FIVE Stalin, Trotsky and Bukharin: debating a new orthodoxy 160  
        Introduction 160  
        Bolshevism after Lenin: unitarian or trinitarian? 160  
           Bukharinism and Soviet socialism 161  
           Trotsky and Preobrazhensky 164  
           The emergence of a Stalinist model 166  
           “Like a cat avoiding hot porridge”: Stalin, Trotsky and “socialism in one country” 167  
        Soviet socialism and Stalin: theorizing self-sufficiency 169  
        Notes 176  
  PART THREE Orthodoxy in power: from Stalin to Brezhnev 179  
     CHAPTER SIX Stalinist socialism: creating a country of metal, 1929–39 180  
        The great change: a country of metal, tractors and automobiles 180  
           Content and context 180  
           A centrally planned economy? 182  
           The organization of the economy 183  
           Management, labour and specialists 184  
        The collectivization of Soviet agriculture 187  
        Society and culture of Stalinism: socialism, nationalism, inequality 191  
           The social structure of Stalinist socialism: class struggle and inequality 191  
           The normative basis of Soviet socialism: nationalism, tradition, socialist realism and heroic individualism 195  
        The politics of Stalinism: party, state and society in the era of terror 197  
           The “ordinary” politics of the Stalin era 198  
           State and society 198  
           The Communist Party under Stalin 201  
           The “extraordinary” politics of Stalinism 204  
        Theoretical renewal under Stalin 207  
        Soviet socialism under Stalin 1929–41 208  
           The economics of Soviet Stalinist “socialism” 209  
           Society and culture of Soviet Stalinist “socialism” 210  
           The politics of Soviet Stalinist “socialism” 210  
        Appendix: Stalinist “socialism” and the Soviet mode of production 211  
        Notes 211  
     CHAPTER SEVEN Khrushchev and Soviet socialism: burying Stalin, reviving Lenin? 219  
        Contextualizing the Khrushchev era: the theory and practice of mature Stalinism 1939–53 219  
        The politics of Khrushchevism 223  
           The politics of Stalin’s death 223  
           The CPSU: renewing the Leninist vanguard? 225  
           State and society under Khrushchev: a withering away of the state? 229  
           Coercion, legality and the rule of law 229  
           The growth of public self-government 230  
        Socio-cultural developments: equality, atheism and peaceful co-existence 232  
           Equality and Khrushchev: the promotion of less inequality 232  
           The normative basis of socialism under Khrushchev 235  
        The economics of Khrushchevism 240  
           Khrushchev and Soviet agriculture 240  
           The structure of Soviet agriculture 241  
           The operation of Soviet agriculture: plant more, plough more, pay more 241  
           Khrushchev and Soviet industry 243  
           The structure and operation of the economy: sovnarkhozy and central planning under Khrushchev 244  
           Management and labour under Khrushchev: reviving the trade unions? 247  
        Ideological and theoretical renewal under Khrushchev 248  
           Socialism and communism, in the Third Party Programme 251  
        Khrushchev and Soviet socialism 254  
           The economics of Soviet socialism 254  
           The politics of Soviet socialism 255  
           Socio-cultural aspects of Soviet socialism 255  
        Notes 256  
     CHAPTER EIGHT Brezhnev and developed socialism: technocratic socialism in power 261  
        Introduction 261  
        The de-Khrushchevization of Soviet society 1964–71 262  
        Developed Socialism and the practice of Soviet socialism 268  
           The economics of Developed Socialism 268  
           Agriculture under Developed Socialism 269  
           Industry under Developed Socialism 269  
           The politics of Developed Socialism 270  
        State, society and the individual 272  
           Society and culture of Developed Socialism 275  
        The normative basis of Developed Socialism: détente, militarism, Russian nationalism and nostalgia 277  
        Developed Socialism and the Soviet model 280  
        Postscript: Developed Socialism after Brezhnev 282  
        Notes 284  
  PART FOUR The demise of scientific socialism 288  
     CHAPTER NINE Gorbachev and Soviet socialism: The rise and fall of Humane Democratic Socialism 289  
        Introduction 289  
        Why a new concept of socialism? 290  
        Soviet socialism in transition: from Developed Socialism to Humane Democratic Socialism (via Developing Socialism) 291  
           The decline and fall of Developed Socialism 291  
           The theory and practice of perestroika 294  
           Perestroika and Developing Socialism 300  
        Humane Democratic Socialism: an emperor with no clothes? 303  
           Humane Democratic Socialism: the socialist vision 304  
           The economics of Humane Democratic Socialism 306  
           From central planning to the regulated market economy 307  
           From state ownership to a mixed economy: patterns of ownership and control 309  
           The politics of Humane Democratic Socialism 310  
           The CPSU under HDS: from vanguard to parliamentary party 310  
           Individual rights and state power under HDS 312  
        The socio-cultural sphere under HDS 313  
        The draft party programme of August 1991: the social-democratization of Bolshevism 323  
        Humane Democratic Socialism in historical perspective 325  
        Notes 328  
     Conclusion: history and Soviet socialism 334  
        Soviet socialism in historical perspective 334  
        Notes 339  
     Chronology of party conferences and congresses 340  
     Chronology of main ideological texts of Soviet socialism 342  
     Select bibliography 346  
     Index 356  
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