Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Note on Pronunciation	10
	Introduction	14
	1 Islamic Revivalism: Popular Roots of Islamism (Pan-Islamism)	31
	2 The Precursors of Pan-Islamism: Peripheral Islam and the Caliphal Center	59
	3 Russia, Islam, and Modernism: The Legacy of the Past	79
	4 The New Middle Classes and the Naksbandia	100
	5 Knowledge, Press, and the Popularization of Islamism	128
	6 The War of 1877–1878 and Diverging Perceptions of Islam and Europe	147
	7 The Making of a Modern Muslim Ruler: Abdulhamid II	166
	8 The Sultan’s Advisers and the Integration of Arabs and Immigrants	194
	9 Ottoman-European Relations and Islamism	219
	10 Continuity of Form, Change in Substance: Dynasty, State, and Islamism	234
	11 The Harameyin, the Caliphate, and the British Search for an Arab Caliph	252
	12 The Caliphate and Ottoman Foreign Policy in Africa	269
	13 Formation of Modern Nationhood: Turkism and Pan-Islamism in Russia and the Ottoman Empire	287
	14 The Reconstruction of State, Community-Nation, and Identity	319
	15 Ottomanism, Fatherland, and the “Turkishness” of the State	339
	16 Turkishness of the Community: From Religious to Ethnic-National Identity	364
	17 The Turkist Thinkers: Ziya Gökalp, Yusuf Akçura, Fuat Köprülü	385
	Conclusion	419
	Notes	434
	Select Bibliography	492
	Index	520
	A	520
	B	523
	C	524
	D	526
	E	526
	F	528
	G	528
	H	529
	I	530
	J	532
	K	532
	L	533
	M	533
	N	535
	O	536
	P	537
	Q	538
	R	538
	S	539
	T	541
	U	542
	V	543
	W	543
	Y	543
	Z	544
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